SEER Lab personnel actively publish in the peer-reviewed literature across a wide range of disease systems and topics. Threaded through each is our interest in the spatio-temporal dynamics or transmission mechanisms associated with zoonoses or other spillover diseases with strong environmental drivers and/or abiotic/non-reproductive reservoirs. SEER Lab maintains active collaborations nationally and internationally. A number of those collaborations are reflected in the papers represented here. *Indicates SEER Lab student authors.
We publish Open Access whenever possible. Occasionally, SEER Lab publications are behind pay walls. If there is a paper below that interests you and it is not Open Access, please email Jason Blackburn for a PDF copy. We will send you digital reprints of any SEER lab publication.
Podcasts
SEER Lab Director, Dr. Jason Blackburn, has been interviewed twice by Outbreak News Today recently. These podcasts offer some insights into SEER Lab’s geospatial modeling efforts and field work to better understand anthrax globally and in wildlife of West Texas.
Global anthrax mapping
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/global-anthrax-maps-jason-blackburn-phd-41676/
Investigating anthrax in West Texas
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/texas-anthrax-a-look-at-the-2019-outbreak-41259/
In Press
2023
*Bhattarai, S., Blackburn, J.K., Ryan, S.J. 2023. Analyzing the spatial and temporal patterns of designated malaria risk areas in Nepal from 2018 – 2021. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 23:6, 350-353. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2022.0097
*Bhattarai, S.; Blackburn, J.K.; McKune, S.L.; Ryan, S.J. Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Malaria in Nepal from 2005 to 2018: A Country Progressing towards Malaria Elimination. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology 2023, 100576.
Cauvin, A.R., Wisely, S.M., Baiser, B., Peters, R.M., Sayler, K.A., Orange, J.P., Blackburn, J.K. and Stacy, N.I., 2023. Blood analytes of clinically normal and diseased neonatal and weaned farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns. Veterinary Quarterly, 43:1, 1-10. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2249072.
Khang, P. V. ., Anh, Đặng Đức ., Hà, H. T. T. ., Hoà, L. M. ., Ngọc, Đỗ B. ., Hải, P. T. ., Hưng, T. T. M. ., *Tân, L. M. ., Dung, H. H., Minh, N. T. ., Hà, T. T. T. ., Hương, N. T. T. ., Đăng, L. H. ., K. Blackburn, J. ., Thái, P. Q. ., & Dương, T. N. . (2023). Thực trạng bệnh than trên người, động vật và môi trường tại tỉnh Hà Giang, Sơn La năm 2010 – 2022. Tạp Chí Y học Dự phòng, 33(1), 48–57. (article in Vietnamese) https://doi.org/10.51403/0868-2836/2023/940
*Luong, T.; Nguyen, T.T.; *Walker, M.A.; Hoang, T.T.H.; Pham, Q.T.; Tran, T.M.H.; Pham, T.L.; Blackburn, J.K. Informing One Health Anthrax Surveillance and Vaccination Strategy from Spatial Analysis of Anthrax in Humans and Livestock in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam (1999-2020). The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.22-0384
*Luong, T., Be, T.B., Hoang, M.D., Hoang, T.T.H., Pham, Q.T., Tran, T.M.H., Ho, H.D., Long, P.T. and Blackburn, J.K., 2023. Incidence and Spatial distribution of Human and Livestock Anthrax in Cao Bang Province, Vietnam (2004–2020). Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 23(5), pp.306-309.
*Metrailer, M.C., T.T.H. Hoang, T. Jiranantasak, T. Luong, M.H., Luong, D.B. Ngoc, Q.T. Thai, V.K., Pham, T.T.M. Hung, V.T.L. Huong, T.L. Pham, J.M. Ponciano, D.A. Dang, G. Hamerlinck, M.H. Norris, J.K. Blackburn. 2023. Spatial and phylogenetic patterns reveal hidden infection sources of Bacillus anthracis in an anthrax outbreak in Son La province, Vietnam. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 114: 105496.
Norris, M.H., Zincke, D., Daegling, D.J., Krigbaum, J., McGraw, W.S., Kirpich, A., Hadfield, T.L. and Blackburn, J.K., 2023. Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacillus cereus Biovar anthracis Isolated from Archival Bone Samples Reveals Earlier Natural History of the Pathogen. Pathogens, 12(8), p.1065.
Norris, M.H., Bluhm, A.P., *Metrailer, M.C., Jiranantasak, T., Kirpich, A., Hadfield, T., Ponciano, J.M. and Blackburn, J.K., 2023. Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans. Scientific Reports, 13(1), p.5060.
2022
*Bhattarai, S.; Blackburn, J.K.; Ryan, S.J. Malaria Transmission in Nepal under Climate Change: Anticipated Shifts in Extent and Season, and Comparison with Risk Definitions for Intervention. Malaria Journal 2022, 21, 390.
*Dougherty, Eric R, Dana P Seidel, Jason K Blackburn, Wendy C Turner, and Wayne M Getz. 2022. “A Framework for Integrating Inferred Movement Behavior into Disease Risk Models.” Movement Ecology 10 (1): 1–15.
Ekakoro, John E, Arnold Lubega, Edrine B Kayaga, Dickson Ndoboli, Andrew P Bluhm, Eddie M Wampande, Jason K Blackburn, Karyn A Havas, and Michael H Norris. 2022. “An Investigation of Burkholderia Pseudomallei Seroprevalence in Market Pigs Slaughtered at Selected Pig Abattoirs in Uganda.” Pathogens 11 (11): 1363.
Gachohi, J.; Bett, B.; Otieno, F.; Mogoa, E.; Njoki, P.; Muturi, M.; Mwatondo, A.; Osoro, E.; Ngere, I.; Dawa, J., Nasimiyu, C., Oyas, H., Njagi, O., Canfield, S., Blackburn, J., Njenga, K. Anthrax Hotspot Mapping in Kenya Support Establishing a Sustainable Two-Phase Elimination Program Targeting Less than 6% of the Country Landmass. Scientific Reports 2022, 12, 1–11.
†Jiranantasak, Treenate, †Jamie S Benn, *Morgan C Metrailer, †Samantha J Sawyer, *Madison Q Burns, Andrew P Bluhm, Jason K Blackburn, and Michael H Norris. 2022. “Characterization of Bacillus anthracis Replication and Persistence on Environmental Substrates Associated with Wildlife Anthrax Outbreaks.” Plos One 17 (9): e0274645.
†Kurmanov, Berzhan, Diansy Zincke, Wanwen Su, Ted L Hadfield, Alim Aikimbayev, Talgat Karibayev, Maxat Berdikulov, Mukhit Orynbayev, Mikeljon P Nikolich, and Jason K Blackburn. 2022. “Assays for Identification and Differentiation of Brucella Species: A Review.” Microorganisms 10 (8): 1584.
*Li, Xiaolong, Nitya Singh, Arie H Havelaar, and Jason K Blackburn. 2022. “Geographical Distribution and Space–Time Clustering of Human Illnesses with Major Salmonella Serotypes in Florida, USA, 2017–2018.” Epidemiology & Infection 150: e175.
*Tan, L.M.; Hung, D.N.; My, D.T.; Walker, M.A.; Ha, H.T.T.; Thai, P.Q.; Hung, T.T.M.; Blackburn, J.K. Spatial Analysis of Human and Livestock Anthrax in Dien Bien Province, Vietnam (2010–2019) and the Significance of Anthrax Vaccination in Livestock. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2022, 16, e0010942.
*Walker, Morgan A, Luong Minh Tan, Pham Van Khang, Hoang Thi Thu Ha, Tran Thi Mai Hung, Ho Hoang Dung, Dang Duc Anh, Tran Nhu Duong, Ted Hadfield, Pham Quang Thai, Jason K. Blackburn. 2022. “Spatiotemporal Patterns of Anthrax, Vietnam, 1990–2015.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 28 (11): 2206.
2021
Blackburn, Jason K, Ernest Kenu, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Badu Sarkodie, Ian T Kracalik, William A Bower, Robyn A Stoddard, and Rita M Traxler. 2021. “High Case-Fatality Rate for Human Anthrax, Northern Ghana, 2005–2016.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 27 (4): 1216.
*Dinh, Emily TN, †Juan Pablo Gomez, Jeremy P Orange, *Max A Morris, Katherine A Sayler, Bethany L McGregor, Erik M Blosser, Nathan D Burkett-Cadena, Samantha M Wisely, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Modeling Abundance of Culicoides Stellifer, a Candidate Orbivirus Vector, Indicates Nonrandom Hemorrhagic Disease Risk for White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus).” Viruses 13 (7): 1328.
†Haase, Catherine G, *Anni Yang, Kristina M McNyset, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “GARPTools: R Software for Data Preparation and Model Evaluation of GARP Models.” Ecography 44 (12): 1790–96.
†Luisa Vissat, Ludovica, Jason K Blackburn, and Wayne M Getz. 2021. “A Relative‐motion Method for Parsing Spatiotemporal Behaviour of Dyads Using GPS Relocation Data.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12 (11): 2256–71.
*Martin, James L, Catherine A Lippi, Anna M Stewart-Ibarra, Efraín Beltrán Ayala, Erin A Mordecai, Rachel Sippy, Froilán Heras Heras, Jason K Blackburn, and Sadie J Ryan. 2021. “Household and Climate Factors Influence Aedes Aegypti Presence in the Arid City of Huaquillas, Ecuador.” PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 (11): e0009931.
Otieno, Fredrick Tom, John Gachohi, Peter Gikuma-Njuru, Patrick Kariuki, Harry Oyas, Samuel A Canfield, Bernard Bett, Moses Kariuki Njenga, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Modeling the Potential Future Distribution of Anthrax Outbreaks under Multiple Climate Change Scenarios for Kenya.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (8): 4176.
Otieno, Fredrick Tom, John Gachohi, Peter Gikuma-Njuru, Patrick Kariuki, Harry Oyas, Samuel A Canfield, Jason K Blackburn, M Kariuki Njenga, and Bernard Bett. 2021. “Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Anthrax in Southern Kenya.” PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 (3): e0009301.
*Walker, Morgan A, *Maria Uribasterra, Valpa Asher, Wayne M Getz, Sadie J Ryan, José Miguel Ponciano, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Anthrax Surveillance and the Limited Overlap Between Obligate Scavengers and Endemic Anthrax Zones in the United States.” Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 21 (9): 675–84.
*Dinh, Emily TN, Jeremy P Orange, Rebecca M Peters, Samantha M Wisely, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Resource Selection by Wild and Ranched White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) during the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Transmission Season in Florida.” Animals 11 (1): 211.
McGregor, Bethany L, Jason K Blackburn, Samantha M Wisely, and Nathan D Burkett-Cadena. 2021. “Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Communities Differ Between a Game Preserve and Nearby Natural Areas in Northern Florida.” Journal of Medical Entomology 58 (1): 450–57.
Norris, Michael H, Alexander Kirpich, Andrew P Bluhm, Diansy Zincke, Ted Hadfield, Jose Miguel Ponciano, and Jason K Blackburn. 2020. “Convergent Evolution of Diverse Bacillus Anthracis Outbreak Strains toward Altered Surface Oligosaccharides That Modulate Anthrax Pathogenesis.” PLoS Biology 18 (12): e3001052.
Orange, Jeremy P., *Emily T. N. Dinh, Rebecca M. Peters, Samantha M. Wisely, and Jason K. Blackburn. 2021. “Inter-Annual Home Range Fidelity of Wild and Ranched White-Tailed Deer in Florida: Implications for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus and Bluetongue Virus Intervention.” European Journal of Wildlife Research 67 (1): 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-020-01448-0.
Orange, Jeremy P, *Emily TN Dinh, Olivia Goodfriend, Scott B Citino, Samantha M Wisely, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Evidence of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus and Bluetongue Virus Exposure in Nonnative Ruminant Species in Northern Florida.” Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 51 (4): 745–51.
*Walker, Morgan A, *Maria Uribasterra, Valpa Asher, Wayne M Getz, Sadie J Ryan, José Miguel Ponciano, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Anthrax Surveillance and the Limited Overlap Between Obligate Scavengers and Endemic Anthrax Zones in the United States.” Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.
*Walker, Morgan A, *Maria Uribasterra, Valpa Asher, Wayne M Getz, Sadie J Ryan, José Miguel Ponciano, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Factors Influencing Scavenger Guilds and Scavenging Efficiency in Southwestern Montana.” Scientific Reports 11 (1): 1–10.
*Yang, Anni, Kelly M Proffitt, Valpa Asher, Sadie J Ryan, and Jason K Blackburn. 2021. “Sex‐Specific Elk Resource Selection during the Anthrax Risk Period.” The Journal of Wildlife Management 85 (1): 145–55.
Zincke, Diansy, Michael H Norris, Odalis Cruz, †Berzhan Kurmanov, W Scott McGraw, David J Daegling, John Krigbaum, Thi Thu Ha Hoang, Kamil Khanipov, Georgiy Golovko, T. Hadfield, Jason K. Blackburn. 2020. “TaqMan Assays for Simultaneous Detection of Bacillus Anthracis and Bacillus Cereus Biovar Anthracis.” Pathogens 9 (12): 1074.
2020
Cauvin*, Allison, Emily TN Dinh*, Jeremy P Orange, Rebecca M Shuman, Jason K Blackburn, and Samantha M Wisely. 2020. “Antibodies to Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) in Farmed and Wild Florida White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus).” Journal of Wildlife Diseases 56 (1): 208–13. PDF: Cauvin2020_EHDVserology
Dinh*, Emily TN, Allison Cauvin, Jeremy P Orange, Rebecca M Shuman, Samantha M Wisely, and Jason K Blackburn. 2020. “Living La Vida T-LoCoH: Site Fidelity of Florida Ranched and Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) during the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) Transmission Period.” Movement Ecology 8 (1): 1–9.
Easterday, W Ryan, José Miguel Ponciano, Juan Pablo Gomez†, Matthew N Van Ert, Ted Hadfield, Karoun Bagamian†, Jason K Blackburn, Nils Chr Stenseth, and Wendy C Turner. 2020. “Coalescence Modeling of Intrainfection Bacillus Anthracis Populations Allows Estimation of Infection Parameters in Wild Populations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (8): 4273–80.
Note: our paper received the cover of PNAS with an amazing photo by Ryan Easterday.
Lippi*, Catherine A, Liang Mao, Anna M Stewart-Ibarra, Naveed Heydari, Efraín Beltrán Ayala, Nathan D Burkett-Cadena, Jason K Blackburn, and Sadie J Ryan. 2020. “A Network Analysis Framework to Improve the Delivery of Mosquito Abatement Services in Machala, Ecuador.” International Journal of Health Geographics 19 (1): 1–14.
Norris, Michael H, and Jason K Blackburn. 2020. “Raxibacumab: A Panacea for Anthrax Disease?” The Lancet. Infectious Diseases.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30164-X PDF: Norris and Blackburn Commentary
Norris, M.H. Hang, T., Walker, M.A., Bluhm, A.P., Schweizer, H.P., Zincke, D., Trung, T.T., Nga, V.T., Ngoc, P.T., Unger, F., Blackburn, J.K., Nguyen, T.T.H. 2020. Distribution of Serological Response to Burkholderia pseodomallei in Swine from Three Provinces of Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(14), 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145203
Rojas, Alexis†, Gregory P Dietl, Michał Kowalewski, Roger W Portell, Austin Hendy, and Jason K Blackburn. 2020. “Spatial Point Pattern Analysis of Traces (SPPAT): An Approach for Visualizing and Quantifying Site-Selectivity Patterns of Drilling Predators.” Paleobiology, 1–13.
Uribasterra, M.G., J.P. Orange, E.T.N. Dinh, C. Peters, R.M. Peters, O. Goodfriend, S.M. Wisely, J.K. Blackburn. 2020. Epizootic hemorrhagic Disease Virus and Bluetongue Seroprevalence in Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 56(4): 928-932. PDF: Uribasterra et al. 2020 Deer
Yang, Anni*, Juan Pablo Gomez†, and Jason K Blackburn. 2020. “Exploring Environmental Coverages of Species: A New Variable Contribution Estimation Methodology for Rulesets from the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction.” PeerJ 8: e8968.
Yang, A., K.M. Proffitt, V. Asher, S.J. Ryan, J.K. Blackburn. 2020. Sex-specific Elk Resource Selection during the Anthrax Risk Period. Journal of Wildlife Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21952 PDF: Yang et al. 2020 Elk RSF
Zincke, Diansy, Michael H Norris, Berzhan Kurmanov, Ted L Hadfield, and Jason K Blackburn. 2020. “Nucleotide Polymorphism Assay for the Identification of West African Group Bacillus Anthracis: A Lineage Lacking Anthrose.” BMC Microbiology 20 (1): 6.
2019
Bulterys, P.L., Toesca, I.J., Norris, M.H., Maloy, J.P., Fitz-Gibbon, S.T., France, B., Toffig, B. Morselli, M., Somprasong, N., Pellegrini, M. Schweizer, H.P., Tuanyok, A., Damoiseaux, R., French, C.T., Miller, J.F. 2019. An in situ high-throughput screen identifies inhibitors of intracellular Burkholderia pseudomallei with therapeutic efficacy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 201906388; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906388116.
Cauvin*, Allison, Karen Hood, Rebecca Shuman, Jeremy Orange, Jason K Blackburn, Katherine A Sayler, and Samantha M Wisely. 2019. “The Impact of Vector Control on the Prevalence of Theileria Cervi in Farmed Florida White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus.” Parasites & Vectors 12 (1): 100.
*Carlson, Colin J., Ian T. Kracalik*, Noam Ross, Kathleen A. Alexander, Martin E. Hugh-Jones, Mark Fegan, Brett T. Elkin, T. Epp, T.K. Shury, W. Zhang, M. Bagirova, W.M. Getz, J.K. Blackburn. 2019. “The Global Distribution of Bacillus Anthracis and Associated Anthrax Risk to Humans, Livestock and Wildlife.” Nature Microbiology 4 (8): 1337–43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0435-4.
*Carlson, C. J., W. Getz, K. Kausrud, C. Cizauskas, J. Blackburn, F. A. B. Carrillo, R. Colwell, W. R. Easterday, H. Ganz, and P. Kamath. 2019. Spores and soil from six sides: interdisciplinarity and the environmental biology of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). Biological Reviews 93(4):1813-1831. PDF: Carlson et al. 2018
Chirakul, S., Somprasong, N., Norris, M.H., Wuthiekanun, V. Chantratita, N., Tuanyok, A., and Schweizer, H.P. Burkholderia pseudomallei acquired ceftazidime resistance due to gene duplication and amplification. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2019 May 53(5) 582-588. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.003. PDF: Chirakul et al. 2019
Lippi*, Catherine A, Anna M Stewart-Ibarra, ME Franklin Bajaña Loor, Jose E Duenas Zambrano, Nelson A Espinoza Lopez, Jason K Blackburn, and Sadie J Ryan. 2019. “Geographic Shifts in Aedes Aegypti Habitat Suitability in Ecuador Using Larval Surveillance Data and Ecological Niche Modeling: Implications of Climate Change for Public Health Vector Control.” PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 (4): e0007322.
Tan*, L.M., Hoang, T.T.H., Thai, P.Q., Tuan, L.A., Hung, T.T.M., Blackburn, J.K., Anh, D.D. 2019. Injectional anthrax among people who inject drugs and implications for research in Vietnam: a literature review. Vietnam Journal of Preventative Medicine 29 (4): 7 – 19. PDF: Tan injection anthrax
Norris, Michael H, and Jason K Blackburn. 2019. “Linking Geospatial and Laboratory Sciences to Define Mechanisms behind Landscape Level Drivers of Anthrax Outbreaks.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (19): 3747.
Norris, Michael H, Diansy Zincke, Owen P Leiser, Helen W Kreuzer, Ted Hadfield, and Blackburn, Jason K. 2019. “Laboratory Strains of Bacillus Anthracis Lose Their Ability to Rapidly Grow and Sporulate Compared to Wildlife Outbreak Strains.” PLOS ONE 15 (1): e0228270. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228270.
Sloyer*, Kristin E, Nathan D Burkett-Cadena, Anni Yang, Joseph L Corn, Stacey L Vigil, Bethany L McGregor, Samantha M Wisely, and Jason K Blackburn. 2019. “Ecological Niche Modeling the Potential Geographic Distribution of Four Culicoides Species of Veterinary Significance in Florida, USA.” PloS One 14 (2): e0206648.
Yang*, Anni, Jocelyn Mullins*†, M. N. Van Ert, Richard Bowen, T. L. Hadfield, and J.K. Blackburn. 2019. “Predicting the Geographic Distribution of the Bacillus Anthracis A1.a/Western North America Sub-Lineage for the Continental United States: New Outbreaks, New Genotypes, and New Climate Data.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 102 (2): 392-402. PDF: Yang2020_A1aGARP_supp
Jason K. Blackburn, Holly H. Ganz, Jose Miguel Ponciano, Wendy C. Turner, Sadie J. Ryan, Pauline L. Kamath, Carrie Cizauskas, Kyrre Kausrud, Robert D. Holt, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Wayne M. Getz. 2019. Modeling R0 for pathogens with environmental transmission: animal movements, pathogen populations, and local infectious zones. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (6).
Kessler*, W.H., J.K. Blackburn, K.A. Sayler, G.E. Glass. 2019. Estimating the geographic distribution of host seeking adult Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Florida. Journal of Medical Entomology 56(1):55-64. PDF: Kessler2018 FL Ticks
McGregor*, B.L., T. STenn, K.A. Sayler, E.M. Blosser, J.K. Blackburn, S.M. Wisely, N.D. Burkett-Cadena. 2019. Host use patterns of Culicodes spp. Bbiting midges at a big game preserve in Florida, USA and implications for the transmission of orbiviruses. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 33(1):110-120. PDF: McGregor2019 midge blood meals
Nekorchuk*, D., L.R. Morris*, V. Asher, D.L. Hunter, S.J. Ryan, J.K. Blackburn. 2019. Potential Bacillus anthracis risk zones for male bison in Southwestern Montana. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 55(1):136-141. PDF: Nekorchuk et al. 2019. Bison RSF
Yang*, A., J.P. Gomez†, C.G. Haase, K.M. Proffitt, J.K. Blackburn. 2019. Effects of Brucellosis Serological Status on Physiological Conditions and Behavioral Mechanisms of Southwestern Montana Elk. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 55 (2): 304-315. PDF:
2018
Chirakul, S., Norris, M.H., Somprasong, N., Pagdepanichkit, S. Shirley, J.F., Borlee, B.R., Lomovskaya, O., Tuanyok, A., and Schweizer, H.P. Role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of PenA β-lactamase and other adaptive mechanisms in acquired Burkholderia pseudomallei β-lactam resistance. Scientific Reports. (2018) 8:10652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28843-7.
Dougherty*, Eric R, Perry de Valpine, Colin J Carlson*, Jason K Blackburn, and Wayne M Getz. 2018. “Commentary to: A Cross-Validation-Based Approach for Delimiting Reliable Home Range Estimates.” Movement Ecology 6 (1): 10.
Gomez†, J. P., S. K. Robinson, J. K. Blackburn, and J. M. Ponciano. 2018. An efficient extension of N‐mixture models for multi‐species abundance estimation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9:340–353.
Gomez†, J.P., Nekorchuk*, D., Ryan, S.J, Mao, L., Ponciano, J.M., Blackburn, J.K. 2018. Decoupling environmental effects and host population dynamics for anthrax, a classic reservoir-driven disease. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208621
Leiser, O.P., J.K. Blackburn, T.L. Hadfield, H.W. Kreuzer, D.S. Wunschel, C.J. Bruckner-Lea. 2018. Laboratory strains of Bacillus anthracis exhibit pervasive alteration in expression of proteins related to sporulation under laboratory conditions relative to genetically related wild strains. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209120
Norris, M.H., Khan, M.S., Chirakul, S., Schweizer, H.P. and Tuanyok, A. 2018. Bio-safe outer membrane vesicle vaccines prevent acute lethal glanders in mice. Special Issue: Vaccines Against Chronic and Persistent Bacterial Infections. 6(1), 5. doi: 10.3390/vaccines6010005.
Norris, M.H.†, Somprasong, N., Schweizer, H.P., Tuanyok, A. 2018. Lipid A remodeling is a patho-adaptive mechanism that impacts lipopolysaccharide recognition and intracellular survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Infection and Immunity. (2018) 86:10 e00360-18. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00360-18. PDF: Norris et al. 2018 Infection & Immunity
Weppelman, T.A., Norris, M.H., von Fricken, M.E., Khan, M.S., Okech, B.A., Cannella, A., Schweizer H.P., Sanford, D. and Tuanyok, A. 2018. Serological evidence of previous exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2018 Nov; 99(5):1222-1228. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0352. PDF: Weppelmann et al. 2018
2017
Dougherty*, E. R., C. J. Carlson*, J. K. Blackburn, and W. M. Getz. 2017a. A cross-validation-based approach for delimiting reliable home range estimates. Movement ecology 5:19.
Dougherty*, E. R., C. J. Carlson*, J. K. Blackburn, and W. M. Getz. 2017b. Correction to: A cross-validation-based approach for delimiting reliable home range estimates. Movement ecology 5:26.
Kracalik*, I., L. Malania, M. Broladze, A. Navdarashvili, P. Imnadze, S. J. Ryan, and J. K. Blackburn. 2017. Changing livestock vaccination policy alters the epidemiology of human anthrax, Georgia, 2000–2013. Vaccine 35:6283–6289 PDF: Kracalik. Changing epidemiology
Kracalik*, I. T., E. Kenu, E. N. Ayamdooh, E. Allegye-Cudjoe, P. N. Polkuu, J. A. Frimpong, K. M. Nyarko, W. A. Bower, R. Traxler, and J. K. Blackburn. 2017. Modeling the environmental suitability of anthrax in Ghana and estimating populations at risk: Implications for vaccination and control. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 11:e0005885.
Mollalo*, A., J. K. Blackburn, L. R. Morris*, and G. E. Glass. 2017. A 24-year exploratory spatial data analysis of Lyme disease incidence rate in Connecticut, USA. Geospatial health 12.
Ngwa*, M. C., A. Young, S. Liang, J. Blackburn, A. Mouhaman, and J. G. Morris Jr. 2017. Cultural influences behind cholera transmission in the Far North Region, Republic of Cameroon: a field experience and implications for operational level planning of interventions. Pan African Medical Journal 28.
Shimwela*, M., J. Blackburn, J. Jones, J. Nkuba, H. Narouei‐Khandan, R. Ploetz, F. Beed, and A. Bruggen. 2017. Local and regional spread of banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) in space and time in Kagera, Tanzania. Plant Pathology 66:1003–1014. PDF: Shimwela 2017 local spread
Blackburn J.K., Matakarimov, S., Kozhokeeva, S., Tagaeva, Z., Bell, L.K., Kracalik, I.T., Zhunushov, A. 2017. Modeling the Ecological Niche of Bacillus anthracis to Map Anthrax Risk in Kyrgyzstan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 96(3): 550-556. PDF: Blackburn GARP Kyrgyz anthrax
2016
*Barro, A.S., M. Fegan, B. Moloney, K. Porter, J. Muller, S. Warner, J.K. Blackburn. 2016. Redefining the Australian Anthrax Belt: modeling the ecological niche and predicting the geographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(6):e0004689. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004689.
Boswell, K. M., G. Rieucau, J. J. Vollenweider, J. R. Moran, R. A. Heintz, J. K. Blackburn, and D. J. Csepp. 2016. Are spatial and temporal patterns in Lynn Canal overwintering Pacific herring related to top predator activity? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. PDF: Boswell 2016 whales Lynn Canal
Curtis, A., J. K. Blackburn, S. L. Smiley, M. Yen, A. Camilli, M. T. Alam, A. Ali, and J. G. Morris. 2016. Mapping to Support Fine Scale Epidemiological Cholera Investigations: A Case Study of Spatial Video in Haiti. International journal of environmental research and public health 13:187.
*Morris, L.M., K.M. Proffitt, J.K. Blackburn. 2016. Mapping resource selection functions in wildlife studies: Concerns and recommendations. Applied Geography 76: 173-183. PDF: Morris RSF recommendations
*Morris, L.M. and Blackburn, J.K. 2016. Predicting disease risk, identifying stakeholders, and informing control strategies: A case study of anthrax in Montana. EcoHealth 13: 262-273. PDF: Morris Blackburn EcoHealth Anthrax
*Morris, L. R., K. M. Proffitt, V. Asher, and J. K. Blackburn. 2016. Elk resource selection and implications for anthrax management in Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 80(2): 235-244. PDF: Morris et al. 2016. Bull Elk RSF (w/Supp)
Séraphin, M.N., M. Lauzardo, R.T. Doggett, J. Zabala, J.G. Morris, Jr., J.K. Blackburn. 2016. Spatiotemporal Clustering of Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Genotypes in Florida: Genetic Diversity Segregated by Country of Birth. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153575. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153575
Shimwela, Mpoki M., Randy C. Ploetz, Fen D. Beed, Jeffrey B. Jones, Jason K. Blackburn, Shabani I. Mkulila, and Ariena H. C. van Bruggen. 2016.Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Continues to Spread in Tanzania despite an Intensive Symptomatic Plant Removal Campaign: An Impending Socio-Economic and Ecological Disaster. Food Security, 1–13. PDF: Shimwela 2016 banana wilt
Switzer, A., L. Munson, C. Beesley, P. Wilkins, J.K. Blackburn, Laurie Marker. 2016. Namibian farmland cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) demonstrate seronegativity for antibodies against Bacillus anthracis. African Journal of Wildlife Research 46 (2) 139-143. PDF: Switzer cheetah serology
Turner, W.C., K.L. Kausrud, W. Beyer, W.R. Easterday, Z.R. Barandongo, E. Blaschke, C.C. Cloete, J. Lazak, M.N.Van Ert, H.H. Ganz, P.C.B. Turnbull, N.Chr. Stenseth, W.M. Getz. 2016. Lethal Exposure: An integrated approach to pathogen transmission via environmental reservoirs. Nature Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 27311 doi: 10.1038/srep27311.
2015
*Barro, A. S., I. T. Kracalik*, L. Malania, N. Tsertsvadze, J. Manvelyan, P. Imnadze, and J. K. Blackburn. 2015. Identifying hotspots of human anthrax transmission using three local clustering techniques. Applied Geography 60:29–36. PDF: Barro et al. AMOEBA anthrax
Blackburn, J. K., I. T. Kracalik*, and J. M. Fair. 2015. Applying Science: opportunities to inform disease management policy with cooperative research within a One Health framework. Frontiers in public health 3.
Blackburn, J. K., M. O. Odugbo, M. Van Ert, B. O’Shea, J. Mullins, V. Perrenten, A. Maho, M. Hugh-Jones, and T. Hadfield. 2015. Bacillus anthracisDiversity and Geographic Potential across Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad: Further Support of a Novel West African Lineage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9:e0003931.
Elashvili, E., I. Kracalik*, I. Burjanadze, S. Datukishvili, G. Chanturia, N. Tsertsvadze, L. Beridze, M. Shavishvili, A. Dzneladze, M. Grdzelidze, P. Imnadze, A. Pearson, J.K. Blackburn. 2015. Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance of Rodents and Vectors for Francisella tularensis Following Outbreaks of Human Tularemia in Georgia. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 15:633–636. PDF: Elashvili Tularemia Georgia
*Kracalik, I., L. Malania, P. Imnadze, and J. K. Blackburn. 2015. Human Anthrax Transmission at the Urban–Rural Interface, Georgia. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 93:1156–1159. PDF: Kracalik Urban Rural Anthrax
*Kracalik, I., R. Abdullayev, K. Asadov, R. Ismayilova, M. Baghirova, N. Ustun, M. Shikhiyev, A. Talibzade, and J. Blackburn. 2015 online first. Human Brucellosis Trends: Re‐emergence and Prospects for Control Using a One Health Approach in Azerbaijan (1983–2009). Zoonoses and Public Health 2016 63:294-302. PDF: Kracalik Azerbaijan brucellosis
*Mullins, J. C., M. Ert, T. Hadfield, M. P. Nikolich, M. E. Hugh-Jones, and J. K. Blackburn. 2015. Spatio-temporal patterns of an anthrax outbreak in white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginanus, and associated genetic diversity of Bacillus anthracis. BMC ecology 15:1.
Walker, R., and J. Blackburn. 2015. Biothreat Reduction and Economic Development: The Case of Animal Husbandry in Central Asia. Frontiers in public health 3.
2014
Bezymennyi, M., Bagamian, K.H.p, *Barro, A.g, Skrypnyk, A., Skrypnyk, V., Blackburn, J.K. 2014. Spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Ukraine during the past century (1913-2012). Applied Geography 54:129-138. PDF: Bezymennyi Ukraine anthrax
Karoun H. Bagamianp, Artem Skrypnyk, Yana Rodina, Maksym Bezymennyi, Oleg Nevolko,Valeriy Skrypnyk, Blackburn, J.K. 2014. Serological anthrax surveillance in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Ukraine. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 14(8) 618-620. PDF: Bagamian Ukraine boar anthrax
Blackburn, J.K., Skrypnyk, A., Bagamian, K.p, Nikolich, M., Bezymennyi, M., Skrypnyk, 2014. Anthrax in a backyard domestic dog in Ukraine: a case report. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 14(8): 615-617. PDF: Blackburn dog anthrax Ukraine
Blackburn, J.K., *Diamond, U., *Kracalik, I.T., Widmer, J., Brown, W., *Morrissey, B., Alexander, K.A., Curtis, A., Afsar, A., Morris, Jr., J.G. 2014.Household-level spatio-temporal patterns of incidence of cholera, Haiti, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases 20(9):1516-1519.
Blackburn, J.K., Van Ert, M.E., *Mullins, J.C g., Hadfield, T.L., Hugh-Jones, M.E. 2014. The necrophagous fly anthrax transmission pathway: empirical and genetic evidence from wildlife epizootics. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 14(8): 576-583. PDF: Blackburn necrophagous fly transmission
*Kracalik, I.T., Abdullayev, R., Asadov, K., Ismayilova, R., Baghirova, M., Ustun, N., Shikhiyev, M., Talibzade, A., Blackburn, J.K. 2014. Changing patterns of human anthrax in Azerbaijan in the Post-Soviet and preemptive livestock vaccination eras. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8(7); e2985. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002985
Widmer, J., Weppelmann, T., Alam, M., Morrissey, D., Redden, E., Rashid, M., *Diamond, U., Ali, A., de Rochars, V., Blackburn, J.K., Johnson, J.A., Morris, J.G. 2014. Water-Related Infrastructure in a Region of Post-Earthquake Haiti: High Levels of Fecal contamination, and Need for Ongoing Monitoring. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published online July 28, 2014, pii: 14-0165. PDF: Widmer Water Quality Haiti
Blackburn, J.K., Hadfield, T.L., Curtis, A.J., Hugh-Jones, M.E. 2014. Spatial and temporal patterns of anthrax in white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, and hematophagous flies in west Texas during the summertime anthrax risk period. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104(5):939-958. PDF: Blackburn Tabanids Annals
Blackburn, J.K., Asher, V., Stokke, S., Hunter, D.L, Alexander, K.A. 2014. Dances with anthrax: wolves (Canis lupus) kill anthrax bacteremic bison in southwestern Montana. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 50(2): 393-936. PDF: Blackburn wolf anthrax
Patrick J Kelly, Helene M Lucas, Craig M Randolph, Kate Ackerson, Jason K Blackburn, Michael J Dark. 2014. Efficacy of slow-release tags impregnated with aggregation-attachment pheromone and deltamethrin for control of Amblyomma variegatum on St. Kitts, West Indies. Parasites and Vectors 7:182.
Kracalik, I.T., Malania, L., Tsertsvadze, N., Manvelyan, J., Bakanidze, L., Imnadze, P., Tsanava, S., Blackburn, J.K. 2014. Human Cutaneous Anthrax in the Country of Georgia 2010-2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases 20(2): 261-264.
Skrypnyk, V., R. Koziy, A. Skrypnyk, I. Rublenko, K. H. Bagamianp, J. Farlow, M. Nikolich, A. Mezhenskiy, O. Nevolko, J.K. Blackburn. 2014. Anthrax in dogs. уча СучаССні наукові розробки 1:14-17. PDF: Skrypnyk Dog Anthrax Ukraine
2013
Alexander, K.A. and Blackburn, J.K. 2013. Overcoming barriers in evaluating outbreaks of diarrheal disease in resource poor settings: assessment of recurrent outbreaks in Chobe District, Botswana. BMC Public Health. 13:775.
Bagamian, K., Alexander, K.A., Hadfield, T.L., Blackburn, J.K. 2013. ANTE- AND POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR ANTHRAX: RETHINKING PATHOGEN EXPOSURE AND THE GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT OF THE DISEASE IN WILDLIFE. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49(4): 786-801. PDF: Bagamian anthrax serology review
Blackburn, J.K. and D.G. Goodin. 2013. Differentiation of Springtime Vegetation Indices Associated with Summer Anthrax Epizootics in West Texas, USA, Deer. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49(3): 699-703. PDF: Blackburn Goodin NDVI
Blackburn, J.K. 2013. A need for a One Health approach to anthrax surveillance and control. One Health Newsletter 6(1): Winter volume. Florida Department of Public Health. Available online. PDF: Blackburn one health anthrax
Curtis, A., J.K. Blackburn, J. Widmer, J.G. Morris. 2013. A ubiquitous method for street scale spatial data collection and analysis in challenging urban environments: mapping health risks using spatial video in Haiti. International Journal of Health Geographics 12:21 doi:10.1186/1476-072-12-21.
Kracalik, I.T., Malania, L., Tsertsvadze, N., Manvelyan, J., Bakanidze, L., Imnadze, P., Tsanava, S., Blackburn, J.K. 2013. Evidence of local persistence of human anthrax in the country of Georgia associated with environmental and anthropogenic factors. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Mamisashvili, M., Kracalik, I.T., Onashvili, T., Kerdzevadze, L., Goginashvili, K., Tigilauri, T., Donduashvili, M., Nikolaishvili, M., Beradze, I., Zakareishvili, M., Kokhreidze, M., Gelashvili, M., Vepkhvadze, N., Racz, S.E., Elzer, P.H., Nikolich, M.P., Blackburn, J.K. 2013. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in livestock within three endemic regions of the country of Georgia. Preventative Veterinary Medicine 110: 554-557. First published online 2012.
Morris, J.G., Grattan, L.M., Mayer, B.M., Blackburn, J.K. 2013. Physcological Responses and Resilience of People and Communities Impacted by the Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 124: 191-201.
Morris, L.R., Blackburn, J.K., Talibzade, A., Kracalik, I.T., Ismaylova, R., Abdullayhev, R. 2013. Informing Plague Surveillance in the Lowland Plague Focus of Azerbaijan Using a Historic Dataset. Journal of Applied Geography 45:269-279. PDF: Morris Plague Azerbaijan
Mullins, JC, Garofolo, G, Van Ert, M, Fasanella, A, Luknova, L, Hugh-Jones, ME, Blackburn, JK. 2013. Ecological Niche Modeling of Bacillus anthracis on Three Continents: Evidence for Genetic-Ecological Divergence? PLoS ONE 8(8): e72451. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072451
2012
Abdullayev, R., I. T. Kracalik, R. Ismayilova, N. Ustun, A. Talibzade, and J. K. Blackburn. 2012. Analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in Azerbaijan (1995-2009) using spatial and spatio-temporal statistics. BMC Infectious Diseases 12:185.
Alexander, K. A., J. K. Blackburn, M. E. Vandewalle, R. Pesapane, E. K. Baipoledi, and P. H. Elzer. 2012. Buffalo, Bush Meat, and the Zoonotic Threat of Brucellosis in Botswana. PloS one 7:e32842.
Alexander, K. A., B. Lewis, M. Marathe, S. Eubank, and J. K. Blackburn. 2012. Modeling of Wildlife Associated Zoonoses: Applications and Caveats. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. PDF: Alexander Modeling Spillover
Bagamian, K. H., R. J. Douglass, A. Alvarado, A. J. Kuenzi, B. R. Amman, L. A. Waller, and J. N. Mills. 2012. Population Density and Seasonality Effects on Sin Nombre Virus Transmission in North American Deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in Outdoor Enclosures. PloS one 7:e37254.
Bagamian, K. H., J. S. Towner, A. J. Kuenzi, R. J. Douglass, P. E. Rollin, L. A. Waller, and J. N. Mills. 2012b. Transmission Ecology of Sin Nombre Hantavirus in Naturally Infected North American Deermouse Populations in Outdoor Enclosures. PloS one 7:e47731.
Carver, S., A. Kuenzi, K. H. Bagamian, J. N. Mills, P. E. Rollin, S. N. Zanto, and R. Douglass. 2011. A temporal dilution effect: hantavirus infection in deer mice and the intermittent presence of voles in Montana. Oecologia 166:713-721.
Fasanella, A., G. Garofolo, M. Hossain, M. Shamsuddin, J. Blackburn, and M. Hugh-Jones. 2012. Bangladesh anthrax outbreaks are probably caused by contaminated livestock feed. Epidemiology and Infection 1:1-8. PDF: Fasanella Bangladesh Anthrax
Kracalik, I. T., J. K. Blackburn, L. Lukhnova, Y. Pazilov, M. E. Hugh-Jones, and A. Aikimbayev. 2012. Analyzing the spatial patterns of livestock anthrax in Kazakhstan in relation to environmental factors: a comparison of local (Gi*) and morphology cluster statistics. Geospatial health 7(1):111-126.
2011
Alexander, K. A., J. K. Blackburn, and E. A. Frimpong. 2011. Trails and Tribulations-Buffalo and Maslow’s hammer. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9:302-303. PDF: Alexander Maslow’s Hammer
Kracalik, I., L. Lukhnova, A. Aikimbayev, Y. Pazilov, G. Temiralyeva, and J. K. Blackburn. 2011. Incorporating retrospective clustering into a prospective cusum methodology for anthrax: Evaluating the effects of disease expectation. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology 2:11-21. PDF: Kracalik CUSUM
Lentz, J. A., J. K. Blackburn, and A. J. Curtis. 2011. Evaluating patterns of a white-band disease (WBD) outbreak in Acropora palmata using spatial analysis: a comparison of transect and colony clustering. PloS one 6:e21830.
Mullins, J., L. Lukhnova, A. Aikimbayev, Y. Pazilov, M. Van Ert, and J. K. Blackburn. 2011. Ecological Niche Modelling of the Bacillus anthracis A1. a sub-lineage in Kazakhstan. BMC Ecology 11.
2010
Aikembayev, A. M., L. Lukhnova, G. Temiraliyeva, T. Meka-Mechenko, Y. Pazylov, S. Zakaryan, G. Denissov, W. R. Easterday, M. N. Van Ert, P. Keim, S. C. Francesconi, J. K. Blackburn, M. E. Hugh-Jones, and T. L. Hadfield. 2010. Historical distribution and molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis, Kazakhstan. Emerging Infectious Diseases 16:789-796.
Blackburn, J. 2010. Integrating geographic information systems and ecological niche modeling into disease ecology: a case study of Bacillus anthracis in the United States and Mexico. Pages 59-88 in E. W. S. K.P. O’Connell, A. Sulakvelidze, L. Bakanidze, editor. Emerging and Endemic Pathogens: Advances in Surveillance, Detection, and Identification. Springer. PDF: Blackburn anthrax modeling
Blackburn, J., A. Curtis, T. Hadfield, B. O’Shea, M. Mitchell, and M. Hugh-Jones. 2010. Confirmation of Bacillus anthracis from Flesh-eating Flies Collected during a West Texas Anthrax Season. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46:918. PDF: Blackburn necrophagous confirmation
Blackburn, J., M. Mitchell, M. Blackburn, A. Curtis, and B. Thompson. 2010. Evidence of Antibiotic Resistance in Free-Swimming, Top-Level Marine Predatory Fishes. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41:7-16. PDF: Blackburn sharks antibiotic resistance
Blackburn, J. K. 2010. A Review of “HIV/AIDS Global Frontiers in Prevention/Intervention”. Professional Geographer 62:292-293. PDF: Blackburn book review
Joyner, T., L. Lukhnova, Y. Pazilov, G. Temiralyeva, M. Hugh-Jones, A. Aikimbayev, and J. Blackburn. 2010. Modeling the potential distribution of bacillus anthracis under multiple climate change scenarios for Kazakhstan. PloS one 5:e9596.